Active Voice and Passive Voice in Hindi
1. Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य) 2. Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)
1.Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)-जब वाक्य में कर्ता (subject) की प्रधानता होती है और क्रिया का रूप निर्धारण कर्ता के अनुरूप होता है तब उसे Active voice (कर्तृवाच्य) कहते हैं।
Example : (i) Ram reads a book. (ii) You gave me a pen. (iii) The merchant was selling the articles. (iv) We have visited Mumbai.
2. Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)-जब कर्ता के स्थान पर कर्म (object) की प्रधानता होती है तथा उसे कर्ता के स्थान पर रखा जाता है और क्रिया का रूप निर्धारण भी object (कर्म) के अनुरूप होता है तब उसे Passive voice (कर्मवाच्य) कहते हैं।
Example: - (i) A book is read by Ram. (ii) A pen was given to me by you. (iii) The articles were being sold by the merchant. (iv) Mumbai has been visited by us.
दोनों प्रकार के वाक्यों में तुलना करके निम्नलिखित बातें Note करें -
(i) Passive Voice का वाक्य Object से आरम्भ होता है।
(ii) Subject को By जोड़कर Verb के बाद लिखते हैं।
(iii) यदि Subject Noun' (Ram, Sita, A boy) हो तो उसमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता, परन्तु Subject 'Pronoun' का Objective रूप लिखा जाता है।
जैसे- I का me, He का him, She का her, We का us, You का you, It का it, They का them.
(iv) Active Voice की क्रिया का रूप Passive Voice में बदल जाता है। निम्नलिखित Chart से यह स्पष्ट होगा |
Change the voice :
1. I am buying mangoes.
Ans. Mangoes are being bought by me.
2. Let flowers not be plucked.
Ans. Do not pluck flowers.
3. Who wrote this beautiful letter?
Ans. By whom was this beautiful letter written?
4. Rupali does her homework in time.
Ans. Her homework is done in time by Rupali.
5. They elected a hung parliament.
Ans. A hung parliament was elected.
6. We must uproot corruption from our country.
Ans. Corruption must be uprooted from our country.
7. I gave her good advice.
Ans. She was given good advice by me.
8. At nine o'clock we close the shop.
Ans. The shop is closed by us at 9 o'clock.
9. He will sell his car
Ans. His car will be sold.
10. I sold my bicycle.
Ans. My bicycle was sold.
11. Summon the fire brigade.
Ans. Let the fire brigade be summoned.
12. Who teaches you English?
Ans. By whom are you taught English?
13. What did you buy?
Ans. What was bought by you?
14. He likes mangoes.
Ans. Mangoes are liked by him
15. This work will be done by Mohan.
Ans. Mohan will do this work,
16. They found him guilty of murder.
Ans. He was found guilty of murder.
17. She cannot befool me now
Ans. I cannot be befooled by her now
18. They asked the boys to wait.
Ans. The boys were asked to wait.
19. Summon the fire-brigade.
Ans. Let the fire-brigade be summoned.
20. We admire the brave.
Ans. The brave are admired by us
21. He likes mangoes.
Ans. Mangoes are liked by him.
22. What did you buy?
Ans. What was bought by you?
23. People do not play cricket in America.
Ans. Cricket is not played in America.
24. Who broke this jug?
Ans. By whom was this jug broken?
25. We expect happy news.
Ans. Happy news is expected by us